What are the two different views of operating systems?

The way the computer system can be viewed as a system consisting of software, hardware, and data. The role of operating systems is to provide methods for the proper use of these resources in operation.

The operating system provides an environment for programs and users to interact with resources. 

To clearly understand the function and services of an operating system we often divide it into two viewpoints.

User View

The user view depends on the system interface that is used by the users. The different types of user view experiences can be explained as follows:

• If a user is using a personal computer, the operating system is largely designed to make the interaction easy. Some attention is also paid to the performance of the system, but there is no need for the operating system to worry about resource utilization. This is because the personal computer used all the resources available and there is no sharing.
• If the user is using a system connected to a mainframe or a minicomputer, the operating system is largely concerned with resource utilization. This is because there may be multiple terminals connected to the mainframe and the operating system makes sure that all the resources such as CPU, memory, I/O devices, etc. are divided uniformly between them.
• If the user is sitting on a workstation connected to other workstations through networks, then the operating system needs to focus on both individual usages of resources and sharing through the network. This happens because the workstation exclusively used its own resources but it also needs to share files etc. with other workstations across the network.
• If the user is using a handheld computer such as a mobile, then the operating system handles the usability of the device including a few remote operations. The battery level of the device is also taken into account.

There are some devices that contain very less or no user view because there is no interaction with the users. Examples are embedded computers in-home devices, automobiles, etc.

System View

According to the computer system, the operating system is the bridge between application and hardware. It is most intimate with the hardware and is used to control it as required.

The different types of system view for the operating system can be explained as follows:

• The system views the operating system as a resource allocator. There are many resources such as CPU time, memory space, file storage space, I/O devices, etc. that are required by processes for execution. It is the duty of the operating system to allocate these resources judiciously to the processes so that the computer system can run as smoothly as possible.
• The operating system can also work as a control program. It manages all the processes and I/O devices so that the computer system works smoothly and there are no errors. It makes sure that the I/O devices work in a proper manner without creating problems.
• Operating systems can also be viewed as a way to make using hardware easier.
• Computers were required to easily solve user problems. However, it is not easy to work directly with computer hardware. So, the operating system was developed to easily communicate with the hardware.
• An operating system can also be considered as a program running at all times in the background of a computer system (known as the kernel) and handling all the application programs. This is the definition of the operating system that is generally followed.