Data can be defines as a collection of facts and records on which we can apply reasoning r can do a discussion or some calculation. The data is always easily available and is in plenty. It can be used for processing some useful information from it. Also, it can be redundant, can be irrelevant. Data can exist in form of graphics, reports, tables, text,, etc. that represent every kind of information, that allows easy retrieval, updating, analysis, and output of data by systematically organized or structured repository of indexed information.
Containers having a huge amount of data are known as databases, for example, a public library stores books. Databases are computer structures that save, organize, protect and deliver data.
Any system that manages databases is called a database management system, or DBM. The different types of database management systems are:
- Oracle
- SQL Server
- MS Access
- Oracle
Inside a database, the data is recorded in a table which is a collection of rows, columns, and it is indexed so that finding relevant information becomes an earlier task. As new information is added, data gets updated, expanded, and deleted, The various processes of databases create and update themselves. querying the data they contain and running the application against it.
Compared to the File Based Data Management System, Database Management System has many advantages. Some of these advantages are given below:
Reducing Data Redundancy
The file-based data management system contained multiple files that were stored in many different locations in a system or even across multiple systems. Because of this, there were sometimes multiple copies of the same file which lead to data redundancy.
This is prevented in a database as there is a single database and any change in it is reflected immediately. Because of this, there is no chance of encountering duplicate data.
Sharing of data
In a database, the users of the database can share the data among themselves. There are various levels of authorization to access the data, and consequently, the data can only be shared on the correct authentication protocols being followed.
Many remote users can also access the database simultaneously and share the data between themselves.
Data integrity means that the data is accurate and consistent in the database. Data integrity is very important as there are multiple databases in a DBMS. All of these databases contain data that is visible to multiple users. So it is necessary to ensure that the data is correct and consistent in all the databases and for all the users.
Data Security
Data security is a vital concept in a database. Only authorized users should be allowed to access the database and their identity should be authenticated using a username and password. unauthorized users should not be allowed to access the database under any circumstances as it violates the integrity constraints.
Privacy
The privacy rule in a database means only the authorized users can access a database according to its privacy constraints. There are levels of database access and a user can only view the data he is allowed to. For example- In social networking sites, access constraints are different for different accounts a user may want to access.
Backup and recovery
Database Management System Automatically takes care of backup and recovery. The users don't need to backup data periodically because this is taken care of by the DBMS. Moreover, it also restores the database after a crash or system failure to its previous condition.
Data Consistency
Data consistency is ensured in a database because there is no data redundancy. All data appears consistently across the database and the data is the same for all users viewing the database. Moreover, any changes made to the database are immediately reflected by all the users, and there is no data inconsistency.
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